July 10 is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 174 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedon.
988 - The City of Dublin is founded on the banks of the river Liffey.
1212 - The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
1460 - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton.
1553 - Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England.
1584 - William I of Orange was assassinated in his home in Delft, Holland by Balthasar Gérard.
1645 - English Civil War: Battle of Langport.
1778 - American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1789 - Alexander Mackenzie reaches Mackenzie River Delta.
1796 - Carl Friedrich Gauss discovered that every positive integer is representable as a sum of at most three triangular numbers.
1800 - The British Indian Government established Fort William College to promote Urdu, Hindi and other vernaculars of sub continent.
1806 - The Vellore Mutiny was the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company
1821 - The United States takes possession of its newly-bought territory of Florida from Spain.
1832 - President Andrew Jackson vetoes a bill that would re-charter the Second Bank of the United States.
1850 - Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th President of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor, 16 months into his term.
1877 - The then villa of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico formally receives its city charter from the Royal Crown of Spain.
1890 - Wyoming is admitted as the 44th U.S. state.
1913 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States.
1925 - The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS), the official news agency of the Soviet Union , is established.
1925 - Meher Baba begins his silence of 44 years. His followers still observe Silence Day on this date in commemoration.
1925 - Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of a state law against it.
1938 - Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world.
1940 - World War II: Vichy France government established.
1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain - The German Luftwaffe begin to hit British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though).
1941 - Jedwabne Pogrom was a massacre of Jewish people living in and near the village of Jedwabne in Poland.
1942 - The diplomatic relations between the Netherlands and the Soviet Union were established.
1943 - World War II: The launching of Operation Husky begins the Italian Campaign.
1947 - Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is recommended as the first Governor General of Pakistan by then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Clement Attlee.
1951 - Korean War: At Kaesong, armistice negotiations begin.
1958 - Alaska, highest tsunami wave ever recorded at Lituya Bay, at 524 m high.
1962 - Telstar, the world's first communications satellite, is launched into orbit.
1967 - Uruguay becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
1968 - Maurice Couve de Murville becomes Prime Minister of France
1973 - The Bahamas gain full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.
1973 - National Assembly of Pakistan passes a resolution on Bangladesh recognition.
1976 - The Seveso Disaster occurs in Italy.
1976 - One US and three UK mercenaries executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial.
1978 - World News Tonight premieres on ABC
1978 - Mauritania, President Moktar Ould Daddah is ousted in a bloodless coup.
1985 - Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior is bombed and sunk in Auckland, New Zealand Harbor by French DGSE agents.
1991 - Boris Yeltsin begins his 5-year term as the first elected President of Russia.
1991 - South African cricket team readmitted into the International Cricket Council (ICC) following the end of Apartheid.
1992 - In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations.
1997 - London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
1997 - Spain, Partido Popular member Miguel Ángel Blanco is kidnapped in the Basque city of Ermua by ETA members, sparking widespread protests.
1998 - Roman Catholic sex abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $23.4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos.
1999 - United States women's national soccer team team wins the FIFA Women's World Cup in Pasadena,California at The Rose Bowl
2000 - A leaking southern Nigerian petroleum pipeline explodes, killing about 250 villagers scavenging gasoline.
2000 - EADS, the world's second largest aerospace group is formed by the merger of Aérospatiale-Matra, DASA, and CASA.
2002 - At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Kenneth Thomson.
2003 - A Neoplan bus, owned by Kowloon Motor Bus, collides with a truck, falls off a bridge on Tuen Mun Road, Hong Kong, and plunges into the underlying valley, killing 21 people. This is the deadliest traffic accident to date in Hong Kong.
2005 - Hurricane Dennis slams into the Florida Panhandle causing billions of dollars in damage.
2006 - Pakistan International Flight PK-688 crashes in Multan, Pakistan shortly after takeoff, killing all 45 people on board.
Births
1419 - Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan (d. 1471)
1452 - King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
1509 - John Calvin, French religious reformer (d. 1564)
1517 - Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)
1592 - Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
1614 - Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (d. 1686)
1625 - Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703)
1638 - David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685)
1666 - John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (d. 1711)
1682 - Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg, German Lutheran missionary to India (d. 1719)
1682 - Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)
1711 - Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain (d. 1783)
1723 - William Blackstone, English jurist (d. 1780)
1736 - Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1807)
1792 - George Mifflin Dallas, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the 11th Vice President of the United States (d. 1864)
1804 - Emma Smith Inaugural President of the Women's Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1809 - Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist (d. 1889)
1830 - Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
1832 - Alvan Graham Clark, American telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1897)
1834 - James McNeil Whistler, American painter (d. 1903)
1835 - Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
1839 - Adolphus Busch, German-born brewer (d. 1913)
1856 - Nikola Tesla, Serb-American inventor (d. 1943)
1867 - Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
1871 - Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
1874 - Sergey Konenkov, Russian painter (d. 1971)
1875 - Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
1883 - Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (d. 1948)
1888 - Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d. 1978)
1895 - Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
1896 - Thérèse Casgrain, French Canadian politician and senator (d. 1981)
1897 - Karl Plagge, German officer (d. 1957)
1897 - Jack "Legs" Diamond", American bootlegger (d. 1931)
1899 - John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
1899 - Heiri Suter, Swiss cyclist (d. 1978)
1900 - Sampson Sievers, Russian Orthodox Christian monk, priest and wonder-worker (d. 1979)
1900 - Mitchell Parish, American lyricist (d. 1993)
1902 - Kurt Alder, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
1903 - John Wyndham, British author (d. 1969)
1903 - Werner Best, German jurist and nazi leader (d. 1989)
1905 - Thomas Gomez, American actor (d. 1971)
1905 - Wolfram Sievers, Nazi physician (d. 1948)
1913 - Salvador Espriu, Spanish poet (d. 1985)
1914 - Joe Shuster, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1992)
1917 - Don Herbert aka "Mr. Wizard", American television host (d. 2007)
1920 - David Brinkley, American television reporter (d. 2003)
1920 - Owen Chamberlain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1921 - Harvey Ball, American inventor (d. 2001)
1921 - Jake LaMotta, American boxer
1921 - Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American activist
1923 - Earl Hamner Jr., American author and television producer
1923 - Jean Kerr, American author (d. 2003)
1923 - G. A. Kulkarni, Indian (Marathi) writer (d. 1987)
1923 - John Bradley, United States Navy corpsman, one of six who raised flag on top of Mt. Suribachi(see Iwo Jima), (d. 1994)
1924 - Bobo Brazil, professional wrestler (d. 1998)
1925 - Mahathir bin Mohamad, fourth Malaysian Prime Minister
1926 - Fred Gwynne, American actor (d. 1993)
1927 - Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician
1927 - Suzanne Cloutier, Canadian film actor (d. 2003)
1928 - Moshe Greenberg, American-Israeli Bible scholar
1928 - Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentine-Italian racing driver and car manufacturer (d. 2003)
1928 - Bernard Buffet, French painter (d. 1999)
1929 - Winnie Ewing, Scottish politician
1931 - Nick Adams, American actor (d. 1968)
1931 - Alice Munro, Canadian writer
1932 - Carlo Mario Abate, Italian racing driver
1934 - Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
1935 - Tura Satana, American actress
1938 - Paul Andreu, French architect
1939 - Ahmet Taner Kışlalı, Turkish politician, journalist, and educator (d. 1999)
1940 - Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai, British economist
1940 - Helen Donath, American soprano
1940 - Tom Farmer, Scottish entrepreneur
1941 - David G. Hartwell, American editor and anthologist
1941 - Ian Whitcomb, English songwriter, entertainer and producer
1942 - Ronnie James Dio, American musician
1942 - Pyotr Klimuk, cosmonaut
1943 - Arthur Ashe, American tennis player (d. 1993)
1945 - John Motson, British sports (football) commentator
1945 - Jean-Marie Poiré, French film director
1945 - Virginia Wade, British tennis player
1945 - Ron Glass, American actor
1945 - Peter Michalica, Slovak violinist
1946 - Sue Lyon, American actress
1947 - Arlo Guthrie, American musician
1949 - Sunil Gavaskar, Indian cricketer
1949 - Greg Kihn U.S. pop musician & radio personality.
1949 - John Whitehead, American singer, songwriter, and record producer
1950 - Prokopis Pavlopoulos, Greek politician
1951 - Phyllis Smith, American actress (The Office)
1951 - Cheryl Wheeler, American singer and songwriter
1952 - Ludmilla Tourischeva, Russian gymnast
1952 - Kim Mitchell, Canadian guitarist/singer
1952 - Peter van Heemst, Dutch politician
1953 - Zoogz Rift, singer/songwriter and wrestling booker
1953 - Rik Emmett, Canadian musician (Triumph)
1954 - Neil Tennant, British musician (Pet Shop Boys)
1954 - Andre Dawson, American baseball player
1956 - Tom McClintock, American politician
1957 - Cindy Sheehan, American anti-war/political activist
1958 - Béla Fleck, American musician
1959 - Ellen Kuras, American cinematographer
1961 - Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor
1964 - Urban Meyer, American football coach
1964 - Wilfried Peeters, Belgian cyclist
1965 - Alec Mapa, Filipino-American actor and comedian
1965 - Ken Mellons, American singer
1965 - Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark
1966 - Johnny Grunge, wrestler (d. 2006)
1967 - Tom Meents, American Professional monster truck driver
1968 - Hassiba Boulmerka, Algerian athlete
1969 - Gale Harold, American actor
1969 - Alexandra Hedison, American actress
1970 - Helen Sjöholm, Swedish singer and actress
1970 - Gary LeVox, American singer (Rascal Flatts)
1970 - Jason Orange, UK pop singer and dancer (Take That)
1970 - John Simm, British actor
1971 - Adam Foote, Canadian ice hockey player
1971 - Gregory Goodridge, Barbadian footballer
1972 - Peter Serafinowicz, British comedian and actor
1972 - Sofia Vergara, Colombian actress
1972 - Tilo Wolff, German musician (Lacrimosa)
1974 - Chiwetel Ejiofor, English actor
1975 - Alain Nasreddine, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 - Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Icelandic actor
1976 - Elijah Blue Allman, American musician (Deadsy)
1976 - Adrian Grenier, American actor
1976 - Ludovic Giuly, French footballer
1976 - Brendon Lade, Australian rules footballer
1976 - Edmílson Gomes, Brazilian footballer
1978 - Jesse Lacey, American musician (Brand New)
1979 - Mvondo Atangana, Cameroon footballer
1980 - Thomas Ian Nicholas, American actor
1980 - Alejandro Millán, Mexican singer and songwriter
1980 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
1980 - Jessica Simpson, American singer
1980 - Orlando Jordan, American wrestler
1982 - Alex Arrowsmith, American musician
1983 - Kim Heechul, Korean Singer
1982 - Sebastian Mila, Polish footballer
1984 - Maria Julia Mantilla Garcia, Miss World 2004Deaths
138 - Hadrian, Roman Emperor (b. 76)
649 - Li Shimin, Emperor of China (b.599)
1099 - El Cid, of Castile (b. 1044)
1103 - King Eric I of Denmark
1290 - King Ladislaus IV of Hungary (b. 1262)
1460 - Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English military leader (b. 1402)
1480 - King René I of Naples (b. 1410)
1559 - King Henry II of France (b. 1519)
1584 - William I of Orange (b. 1533)
1590 - Archduke Charles II of Austria (b. 1540)
1594 - Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer (b. 1554)
1621 - Karel Bonaventura Buquoy, French soldier (b. 1571)
1653 - Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)
1680 - Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (b. 1643)
1683 - François-Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)
1686 - John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)
1776 - Richard Peters, English-born clergyman (b. 1704)
1806 - George Stubbs, British painter (b. 1724)
1851 - Louis-Jacques Daguerre, French inventor and photographer (b. 1787)
1881 - Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (b. 1812)
1884 - Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
1908 - Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (b. 1839)
1920 - Jackie Fisher, British admiral (b. 1841)
1941 - Jelly Roll Morton, American musician (b. 1890)
1954 - Calogero Vizzini, Sicilian mafioso (b. 1877)
1956 - Joe Giard, American baseball player (b. 1898)
1963 - Teddy Wakelam, English sports broadcaster and rugby union player (b. 1893)
1970 - Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic foreign and later prime minister (b. 1908)
1972 - Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (b. 1887)
1978 - John D Rockefeller III, American businessman (b. 1906)
1978 - Joe Davis, English snooker player (b. 1901)
1979 - Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
1981 - Ken Rex McElroy, American hog rustler (b. 1936)
1987 - John H. Hammond, American record producer (b. 1910)
1989 - Mel Blanc, American voice actor (b. 1908)
1993 - Sam Rolfe, American screenwriter (b. 1924)
2000 - Vakkom Majeed, Indian Freedom fighter, Travancore-Cochin Legislative member (b. 1909)
2000 - Justin Pierce, English-American actor and skateboarder (b. 1975)
2002 - Jean-Pierre Côté, French Canadian politician and Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1926)
2003 - Winston Graham, English writer (b. 1908)
2003 - Hartley Shawcross, British prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials (b. 1902)
2003 - Bishnu Maden, Nepalese politician
2005 - A.J. Quinnell, English writer (b. 1940)
2005 - Freda Wright-Sorce, American radio performer (b. 1955)
2005 - Freddy Soto, American comedian and actor (b. 1970)
2005- Jimmy Franklin and Bobby Younkin, airshow performers
2006 - Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (b. 1965)
2007 - Abdul Rashid Ghazi, radical Pakistani cleric (b. 1951)
2007 - Doug Marlette, American cartoonist (b. 1949)
Holidays and Observances
Bahamas - Independence Day.
Silence Day - celebrated by followers of Meher Baba.
Mauritania - Armed Forces Day.
Ancient Latvia - Septinu Bralu Diena observed.
Saint Kanute IV, King of Denmark, martyr
Translation of Saint Maclovius, bishop of Saint-Malo, confessor
The Seven Brothers (Januarius, Felix, Philip, Silvanus, Alexander, Vitalis, and Martialis), martyrs
Saint Amalberga, virgin (d. 690)
Saint Felicitas of Rome, martyr
Saints Rufina and Secunda, martyrs
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